Table 4 QoS aware routing protocols in body area networks

1

Efficient next hop selection algorithm (ENSA-BAN) [25]

To improve the overall QoS performance of the network using link cost function

Energy consumption, packets forwarded, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio

DMQoS

2

Energy efficient routing algorithm [26]

To maximize the working lifetime of the network

Coverage distance, residual energy, communication count node criticality

–

3

Multi-hop protocol using cost function [27]

To boost the network performance and lifetime by optimum residual energy and distance

Number of dead nodes, residual energy, data packets sent and received to sink, delay

Old energy aware multi-hop

4

Critical data routing (CDR) [28]

To forward the critical data packets with better reliability along with reduction in temperature rise of the in-body sensor nodes

Packet loss ratio, packet success ratio, on-time packet delivery ratio, energy consumption

TMQoS, LTRT

5

Threshold sensitive energy efficient sensor network protocol (TEEN) [29]

To monitor and record critical data of the patient’s body parameters

Energy consumption, false acceptance rate, false rejection rate, time served

–

6

Adaptive routing and bandwidth allocation protocol (ARBA) [30]

To enhance bandwidth utilization and routing in BAN, better network lifetime

Residual energy, throughput

Optimal solution

7

Relay based routing protocol [31]

For network lifetime maximization and end-to-end-delay (E2ED) minimization

Remaining energy, no. of dead nodes, no. of dropped packets, packet arrival rate

Single-hop

Multi-hop

CH-rotate

8

Link-aware and energy efficient scheme for body area networks (LAEEBA) [32]

To route data with minimum path-loss over the link in WBAN

Stability period, residual energy, network lifetime, path-loss, delay spread, throughput

SIMPLE, M-ATTEMPT

9

Cooperative link-aware and energy efficient protocol for WBAN (Co-LAEEBA) [33]

To select better routing path with minimum path-loss in cooperative links in WBAN

Stability period, residual energy, path-loss, throughput

LAEEBA, SIMPLE, M-ATTEMPT

10

Two-hop transmission scheme [34]

To extend network lifetime and to improve the network stability of WBAN

Average residual energy, number of packets per priority level, total energy, number of dead nodes

Direct transmission, TPDS

11

Modified LAEEBA: link aware and energy efficient scheme for BAN (MLEEBA) [35]

To upgrade the LEEBA protocol by increasing throughput and decreasing delay

PDR, end to end delay, throughput

LEEBA

12

Reliability aware routing (RAR) [36]

To enhance reliability for reliability constraint data packets

Packet loss ratio, average PDR, average energy consumption

RAR with relay nodes, TMQoS

13

Zahoor energy and QoS-aware routing protocol (ZEQoS) [37]

To provide better QoS by selecting the best routing paths

Energy consumption, successful transmission rate, packets forwarded and received

DMQoS, NoRouting

14

QoS aware peering routing protocol for reliability sensitive data (QPRR) [38]

To enhance the reliable delivery of emergency BAN data for indoor hospital communication

Successful transmission rate, network traffic load, overall energy consumption, latency

DMQos, NoRouting

15

Distance aware relaying energy efficient protocol (DARE) [39]

To achieve better network lifetime for monitoring patients in multi-hop body area networks

Residual energy, PDR, number of packets sent to sink

M-ATTEMPT

16

Stable increased-throughput multi-hop protocol for link efficiency (SIMPLE) [40]

To boost the network stability period and packet delivered to sink

Network lifetime, stability period, throughput, residual energy, path loss

ATTEMPT

17

QoS-aware peering routing protocol for delay sensitive data (QPRD) [41]

To lessen the end to end delay

Traffic load, successful transmission rate, number of packets timeout

DMQoS

18

Q-learning based routing protocol (QRP) [42]

To design a power efficient and reduced hop count body sensor networks

Residual energy, average hop count

PSR, EBRAR

19

Adaptive multihop tree-based routing (AMR) protocol [43]

To assess several node and network parameters in order to enhance network performance using fuzzy logic

Network lifetime, PDR, normalized residual energy

Shortest path tree, received signal strength indicator, battery

20

Gateway selection algorithm [44]

To adaptively select the gateway node for balancing the load among the nodes

Network lifetime

No energy and independent energy harvesting device

21

Energy-aware peering routing protocol (EPR) [45]

To enhance BAN reliability and to reduce network traffic and power consumption

Traffic load, energy consumed and saved, buffer overflow, packets forwarded and received

DMQoS

22

Energy-aware topology design (EAWD) [46]

To reduce the total energy consumption and installation cost by wireless sensors and relays

Total energy consumed, installation cost

–

23

Energy-balanced rate assignment and routing protocol (EBRAR) [47]

To lessen the total energy consumed in the network at the expense of high network utility, adaptive resource allocation

Normalized residual energy, routing tree size

EBRAR-SP, EBRAR-PD, EBRAR-PE

24

Energy-efficient routing scheme (EERS) [48]

To provide adaptive transmission power for sensor nodes, establish an energy-efficient path

Packet reception ratio, average hop count, collection delay, average number of transmissions per packet, energy consumption per packet, per hop, overhead

Collection tree protocol (CTP)

25

Modified Dijkstra’s global routing algorithm [49]

To yield better network lifetime in WBAN

Network lifetime ratio, energy per bit ratio

Opportunistic routing, transmit power adaptation, min. energy packet forwarding, use of dedicated relays

26

Data-centric multi objective QoS-aware routing protocol (DMQoS) [50]

To achieve best QoS services for different data types

Average end-to-end delay, on-PDR, average energy consumption per packet, operation energy overhead

MMSPEED

LOCALMOR

DARA

27

Random contention-based resource allocation protocol (RACOON) [51]

To provide better the quality of service for multi-user mobile wireless body area networks

Packet latency, power consumption, packet collision, user capacity

BodyQoS

28

Heuristic adaptive routing algorithm [52]

To make multi-hop WBAN energy efficient

Lifetime, standard deviation of remaining power, average end to end delay, packet loss

Optimal scheme

29

Environment-adaptive routing algorithm (EAR) [53]

To achieve better network lifetime and reliable communication for heterogeneous networks

Number of alive nodes, amount of collected data in the coordinator

Hop-count based method, energy-base method

30

Localized multi-objective routing protocol (LOCALMOR) [54]

To consider the traffic diversity typical for biomedical applications and to provide a differentiation routing for different quality of service (QoS) metrics

Packet reception ratio, end to end delay, packets receiving within deadline

SPEED, MMSPEED, GFW, EAGFS

31

Reinforcement learning based routing with QoS support (RL-QRP) protocol [55]

To attain desirable QoS in respect of throughput and end to end delay

Average end to end delay, average PDR, node mobility, network traffic load

QoS-AODV

32

QoS aware routing service

To provide service with prioritized routing, user specific QoS

End to end delay, packet delivery ratio

–