Table 6 Pose invariant 3D face recognition approaches
Name | Pose variations | 3D face database | No. of faces | Accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Lu et al. [61] | Up to 45° | MSU | 300 | 98% |
Up to 45° | Bosphorus | 3396 | 79.41% | |
Up to 40° | FRGC | 150 | 92% | |
Mian et al. [65] | Up to 90° | FRGC | 4007 | 99.74% |
Segundo et al. [66] | < 15° | FRGC 2.0 | 4950 | 100% |
Wei et al. [67] | < 15° | BU-3DFE | 2500 | 98% |
Mahmood et al. [59] | Up to 60° | GavabDB | 509 | 90% |
Drira et at. [58] | Up + 35° | GavabDB | 549 | 100% for looking up |
Down − 35° |  | 98.36% for looking down | ||
Right + 90° |  | 70.49% from right side | ||
| Â | Â | Â | 86.89% from left side | |
Passalis et al. [55] | Up to 80° along the vertical axis | UND | 1018 | – |
Berretti et al. [57] | Up to 60° | UND FRGC v2.0 GavabDB | 4007 | 82.1% |
Perakis et al. [56] | Up to 80° along the vertical axis | UND | 414 | – |
Ding et al. [60] | Up to 90° | LFW | – | 92.95% |