Table 1 Introduction to brain wave

\(\delta\)

Unconscious level

1–3

\(\delta\) usually appear in the deep sleep state of adults and are also the most important brain waves in infants

\(\delta\) are often used as a basis for sleep therapy, such as [12, 13], which detects the amount of energy released by the patient’s Delta wave and determines whether it has entered a deep sleep state

\(\delta\) are needed to regain physical sleep

\(\theta\)

Subconscious level

4–7

\(\theta\) usually appear in a shallow sleep state, also as a meditative state, referring to the brain waves that manifest when they first fall asleep

When we perform memory, perceptual, and emotional-related behaviors, \(\theta\) are higher because the brain acts as a memory, and behavior is trained as an unconscious action

\(\alpha\)

 Low \(\alpha\)

Consciousness and subconscious level

8–9

It is the main brain wave of normal relaxed adults

Consciousness gradually moves towards ambiguity

It’s also about relaxation and freedom

The \(\upalpha\) is related to the active activity of the brain [14], and when the energy released by the Alpha Wave is strong, it represents the brain wave in the best state of learning and thinking

 High \(\alpha\)

10–12

\(\beta\)

 Low \(\beta\)

Level of consciousness

13–17

\(\beta\) are associated with concentration, and when beta waves emit higher energy, they represent a positive increase in attention

 High \(\beta\)

18–30

\(\gamma\)

 Low \(\gamma\)

Level of consciousness

31–40

\(\upgamma\) are associated with happiness

When the energy released by the Gamma Wave is higher, it represents a higher sense of happiness. \(\upgamma\) are associated with reducing stress

When the energy released by the \(\upgamma\) is higher, the more pressure is released

 High \(\gamma\)

41–50