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Table 6 Computation costs for the four schemes

From: SD2PA: a fully safe driving and privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VANETs

Scheme

BG (ms)

SBV (ms)

NBV (ms)

[21]

0.6988

1.0472

\( 0.6972 + 0.3983n \)

[22]

0.1854

0.1618

\( 0.0048 + 0.157n \)

[23]

0.6976

1.0472

\( 0.6972 + 0.7488n \)

SD2PA

0.0048

0.036

\( 0.036n \)