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Table 1 Comparison of DL and classical machine learning techniques

From: Deep learning scheme for character prediction with position-free touch screen-based Braille input method

Classification techniques used

TPR

TNR

PPV

NPV

TA

FPR

FNR

FDR

Naïve Bayes

NaN

96.64%

NaN

99.38%

96.38%

3.36%

NaN

NaN

Decision Trees

NaN

98.82%

NaN

98.23%

97.20%

1.18%

NaN

NaN

KNN

NaN

98.60%

NaN

98.11%

97.04%

1.40%

NaN

NaN

SVM

68.67%

99.16%

76.75%

98.72%

83.00%

0.84%

31.33%

23.25%

Sequential Model

90.76%

99.63%

91.07%

99.2%

92.21%

0.36%

9.20%

8.90%

GoogLeNet Model

95.89%

99.83%

96.61%

99.83%

95.8%

0.16%

4.10%

3.39%