Table 1 A critical analyses of different techniques proposed for B5G/6G systems
From: The shift to 6G communications: vision and requirements
| Technology enabler | Pros | Cons | Use cases | Research initiatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantum Communication (QC) and QML [72, 75] |
Faster High-performance processing Power |
Costly Complex |
Drug industry Radar industry Mathematics |
D-Wave Systems Inc. IBM Corporation Intel Corporation Cambridge Quantum Computing Limited |
| Blockchain [61, 77, 78, 80] |
Distributed Stability Integrity Immutability Traceability |
Inefficient High storage Privacy concerns Decentralize |
Supply-chain Voting Healthcare Security Digital identity |
IBM Alibaba Group (China) Fujitsu (Japan) Mastercard ING Groep (Dutch banking firm) |
| Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS)s [55, 56] |
Low complexity Power efficient Low cost | Difficulty in phase configuration | Comm. and Defense industry | - World-wide |
| Tactile Internet and Haptics [35, 84, 85] |
Online gaming Revolutionize the life of disabled peoples |
Noise Less energy efficient Costly |
Mining Automation Online gaming VR and AR |
TU of Dresden in Germany Kings College London Ericsson and Microsoft Ultrahaptics UK |
| Access Technologies [40, 43,44,45] | Improved network efficiency | Economic Loss due to replacement of existing equipment | Variable use cases | World-wide |
|
New Spectrum -mmWaves THz VLC [47,48,49,50,51,52] | Higher bandwidth availability | Low penetration power | Variable use cases | World-wide |
| Internet-of-Everything (IoE) [66, 68, 110] |
Low latency Higher data rates | Low energy efficiency | Variable use cases | Worldwide |